CHAPTER ELEVEN. THE “RULE OF EIGHT” IN THE COSMOS. THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM.
Now we come to the number EIGHT involved in the structure of the atom.
An atom consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons which form an “electron shell”, or “valence shell”. Atoms “prefer” to have EIGHT electrons in their outer electron shell. To substantiate this statement, here is a quote from Wikipedia:-
THE OCTET RULE refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have EIGHT electrons in the valence shell. When atoms have fewer than EIGHT electrons, they tend to react and form more stable compounds. In 1904, Richard Abegg formulated what is now known as Abegg's rule, which states that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valences of an element is frequently EIGHT. This rule was used later in 1916 when Gilbert N. Lewis formulated the "OCTET RULE" in his cubical atom theory. Atoms will react to get in the most stable state possible. A complete OCTET is very stable because all orbitals will be full. A stable arrangement is attended when the atom is surrounded by EIGHT electrons. This OCTET can be made up by own electrons and some electrons which are shared. Thus, an atom continues to form bonds until an OCTET of electrons is made.
The number EIGHT also appears in the periodic table of the elements.
Here is a quote from the book Aids to Inorganc Chemistry, by R. G. Austin, B.Sc, published by Balliere, Tindall, and Cox, 1946, page 39:- Newlands noticed that if the elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic weights, the EIGHTH element, starting from a given one, resembles the first, like the EIGHTH note in an OCTAVE of music. Hence the arrangement was called by Newlands “THE LAW OF OCTAVES”.
Now, I will show you some examples of THE LAW OF OCTAVES.
Here are the first twenty elements (with their symbols) in order of their atomic numbers .
Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine(F), Neon(Ne), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Sulphur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Argon (Ar), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca).
Now, I will quote from the book Pt The Periodic Table, a Visual Guide to The Elements, by Tom Jackson, published by White Lion Publishing.
On page 18, the author discusses The Alkali Metals. These are Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium. These elements all have similar properties.
Now, let’s count the elements, starting from Lithium.
LITHIUM. (ONE). Beryllium. (TWO). Boron. (THREE). Carbon, (FOUR). Nitrogen. (FIVE). Oxygen. (SIX). Fluorine. (SEVEN). Neon. (EIGHT) SODIUM
Now, let’s count the elements, starting from Sodium.
SODIUM (ONE). Magnesium. (TWO). Aluminium. (THREE). Silicon. (FOUR). Phosphorus. (FIVE). Sulphur. (SIX). Chlorine. (SEVEN). Argon (EIGHT) POTASSIUM.
On page 20, the author discusses the alkaline earth metals, Beryllium, Magnesium, and Calcium, all of which have similar properties.
Here again are the elements (with their symbols) in order of their atomic numbers .
Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine(F), Neon(Ne), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Sulphur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Argon (Ar), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca).
Now, let’s count the elements, starting from Beryllium.
Beryllium (Be), 1. Boron (B), 2. Carbon (C), 3. Nitrogen (N), 4. Oxygen (O), 5. Fluorine(F), 6. Neon(Ne), 7. Sodium (Na), EIGHT Magnesium (Mg),
Now, let’s count the elements, starting from Magnesium.
Magnesium (Mg), 1. Aluminium (Al), 2. Silicon (Si), 3. Phosphorus (P), 4. Sulphur (S), 5. Chlorine (Cl), 6. Argon (Ar), 7. Potassium (K), and EIGHT Calcium (Ca).
On page 30, the author discusses the “halogens”. These are Fluorine and Chlorine. They both have similar properties.
Here again are the elements (with their symbols) in order of their atomic numbers .
Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine(F), Neon(Ne), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Sulphur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Argon (Ar), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca).
You can see that Chlorine is EIGHT elements further on from Fluorine.
On page 32, the author discusses The Noble Gases, Helium, Neon, and Argon. They all have similar properties. They are called “noble” because they will not form compounds with other elements. They are “snobbish” (or “noble”).
Here again are the elements (with their symbols) in order of their atomic numbers .
Hydrogen (H), Helium (He), Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), Boron (B), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Fluorine(F), Neon(Ne), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al), Silicon (Si), Phosphorus (P), Sulphur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Argon (Ar), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca).
You can see that Neon is EIGHT elements further on from Helium, and that Argon is EIGHT elements further on from Neon.
Now we come to the number EIGHT in The Solar System.
First of all, Solar System bodies are arranged in groups of EIGHT.
Secondly, the ratios between planetary orbital velocities tend to be multiples of ONE EIGHTH.
Thirdly, and most importantly, the movements of Solar System bodies “obey” a “rule of EIGHTHS”, which I have called The Octants Rule. It is this Octants Rule that is inexplicable in terms of the laws of physics, and which therefore has to be DELIBERATE.