APPENDIX SIX.
EXAMPLE 3. The SUM of the rotation periods of the Sun, The Moon, and The Planets = 365.304 Earth sidereal days.
Here are the rotation periods (expressed in Earth days) of The Sun and The Moon and the Planets:- The Sun 24.66225 and the Moon 27.32166 and Mercury 58.6462 and Venus 243.0187 and Earth 0.9972697 and Mars 1.02596 and Jupiter 0.41354 and Saturn 0.44401 and Uranus 0.71833 and Neptune 0.671252 and Pluto 6.3872 and
The Earth sidereal day is Earth’s (sidereal) rotation period, as listed above.
(24.66225 + 27.32166 + 58.6462 + 243.0187 + 0.9972697 + 1.02596 + 0.41354 + 0.44401 + 0.71833 + 0.671252 + 6.3872) ÷ 0.9972697 = 365.304 Earth sidereal days.
To verify these periods, go to The Planetary Scientist’s Companion, by Lodders and Fegley, Oxford University Press 1998, Table 2.4 or alternatively, go to the following web page:-www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/planet-orbital
EXAMPLE 4. During the precise time period of HALF an Earth Year, The Four Inner Solar System Planets rotate altogether a total of 365.00 rotations.
The Earth Year = 365.256 Earth days; and HALF an Earth Year = (365.256 ÷ 2) = 182.628 Earth days.
The rotation periods (expressed in Earth days) of the Four Inner Solar System Planets are:- Mercury 58.6462 and Venus 243.0187 and Earth 0.9972697 and Mars 1.02596
(182.628 ÷ 58.6462) + (182.628 ÷ 243.0187) + (182.628 ÷ 0.9972697) + (182.628 ÷ 1.02596) = 365.00 rotations.
To verify these periods, go to The Planetary Scientist’s Companion, by Lodders and Fegley, Oxford University Press 1998, Table 2.4 or alternatively, go to the following web page:-www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/planet-orbital
EXAMPLE 6. During the precise time period of A QUARTER of an Earth Year, the Four Inner Solar System NON-Planetary Bodies rotate altogether a total of 365.7078 rotations.
The Four Inner Solar System Non-Planetary Bodies are:- The Sun, The Moon, and The Two Mars Satellites, Phobos and Deimos. Here are their rotation periods (expressed in Earth days):- The Sun 24.66225 and the Moon 27.32166 and Phobos 0.3189 and Deimos 1.2624 (Note:- The orbital and rotation periods of the three satellites are the same, due to “tidal locking”)
The Earth Year = 365.256 Earth days; and A QUARTER of an Earth Year = (365.256 ÷ 4) = 91.314 Earth days.
To verify these periods, go to The Planetary Scientist’s Companion, by Lodders and Fegley, Oxford University Press 1998, Table 2.4 or alternatively, go to the following web page:-www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/planet-orbital
(91.314 ÷ 24.66225) + (91.314 ÷ 27.32166) + (91.314 ÷ 0.3189) + (91.314 ÷ 1.2624) = 365.7078 rotations.
EXAMPLE 10. The SUM of the orbital periods of The Moon and The Three Inferior Bodies = 365.65 Earth sidereal days.
The Three Inferior Bodies are:- The Sun, Mercury, and Venus. Here are the orbital periods (expressed in Earth days) of The Moon and the Three Inferior Bodies:- The Moon 27.32166 and The Sun 24.66225 and Mercury 87.9694 and Venus 224.695 (The Sun’s “orbital” period is the time that it takes for a point on The Sun’s equator to “revolve” round The Sun’s centre.) The Earth sidereal day = Earth’s (sidereal) rotation period = 0.9972697 Earth (solar) days.
(27.32166 + 24.66225 + 87.9694 + 224.695) ÷ 0.9972697 = 365.65 Earth sidereal days.
To verify these periods, go to The Planetary Scientist’s Companion, by Lodders and Fegley, Oxford University Press 1998, Table 2.4 or alternatively, go to the following web page:-www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/planet-orbital
EXAMPLE 13. During the precise time period of TWO Moon orbital periods, The Naked-Eye-Visible Planets rotate and revolve altogether a total of 365.5254 times.
The Moon’s orbital period = 27.32166 Earth days. TWO Moon orbital periods = (27.32166 x 2) = 54.64332 Earth days. Here are the orbital periods (expressed in Earth days) of The Naked-Eye-Visible Planets. Mercury 87.9692 and Venus 224.695 and Earth 365.256 and Mars 686.98 and Jupiter 4330.595 and Saturn 10727.160 Here are the rotation periods (expressed in Earth days) of The Naked-Eye-Visible Planets. Mercury 58.6462 and Venus 243.0187 and Earth 0.9972697 and Mars 1.02596 and Jupiter 0.41354 and Saturn 0.44401
(54.64332 ÷ 87.9692) + (54.64332 ÷ 224.695) + (54.64332 ÷ 365.256) + (54.64332 ÷ 686.98) + (54.64332 ÷ 4330.595) + (54.64332 ÷ 10727.160) + (54.64332 ÷ 58.6462) + (54.64332 ÷ 243.0187) + (54.64332 ÷ 0.9972697) + (54.64332 ÷ 1.02596) + (54.64332 ÷ 0.41354) + (54.64332 ÷ 0.44401) = 365.5254 times.
To verify The Naked-Eye-Visible Planets, go to the following web page:- www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/naked-eye
To verify The orbital and rotation periods of The Moon (The Moon’s orbital and rotation periods are the same, due to “tidal locking”.) and the planets, go to The Planetary Scientist’s Companion, by Lodders and Fegley, Oxford University Press 1998, Table 2.4 or alternatively, go to the following web page:-www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/planet-orbital
EXAMPLE 14. TWICE the DIRECTED Number SUM (ie:- subtract for retrogrades) of the rotation periods of The Four Inner Solar System Planets = MINUS 365.697 Earth sidereal days.
Here are the names and rotation periods (expressed in Earth days) of The Four Inner Solar System Planets:- Mercury 58.6462 and Venus (which has RETROGRADE rotation, and is therefore subtracted) 243.0187 and Earth 0.9972697 and Mars 1.02596 The Earth sidereal day = Earth’s (sidereal) rotation period, as listed above.
2 x [(58.6462 minus 243.0187 + 0.9972697 + 1.02596) ÷ 0.9972697] = minus 365.697 Earth sidereal days.
To verify The rotation periods of the Inner Solar System planets (ie:- all planets inferior to Jupiter), and to verify that Venus has retrograde rotation (See the minus sign directly preceding its rotation period in the table.) go to The Planetary Scientist’s Companion, by Lodders and Fegley, Oxford University Press 1998, Table 2.4 or alternatively, go to the following web page:-www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/planet-orbital
EXAMPLE 19. Half the SUM of Venus’ synodic revolution period plus Venus’ synodic rotation period = 365.92 Earth sidereal days.
Venus’ synodic revolution period = 583.9205 Earth days; and Venus’ synodic rotation period = 145.9276 Earth days. The Earth sidereal day = Earth’s (sidereal) rotation period = 0.9972697 Earth (solar) days.
[(583.9205 + 145.9276) ÷ 2] ÷ 0.9972697 = 365.92 Earth sidereal days.
To verify The Earth sidereal day, go to the following web page:- www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/planet-orbital
To verify Venus’ synodic revolution period, go to the following web page:- www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/planet-synodic
To verify Venus’ synodic rotation period, go to the following web page:- www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/syn-rot
EXAMPLE 32. During the precise time period of One Eclipse Year, Earth, Moon, and The Two Inferior Planets (Mercury and Venus) rotate synodically altogether a total of 365.6944 rotations.
The Eclipse Year = 346.620080 Earth days. Here are the names and synodic rotation periods (expressed in Earth days) of Earth, Moon and The Two Inferior Planets:- Earth 1.000 and The Moon 29.5305882 and Mercury 69.8636 and Venus 145.92767
(346.620080 ÷ 1) + (346.620080 ÷ 29.5305882) + (346.620080 ÷ 69.8636) + (346.620080 ÷ 145.9276) = 365.6944 rotations.
To verify The Eclipse Year, go to the following web page:- www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/eclipse-year
To verify the synodic rotation periods of Earth, The Moon, Mercury, and Venus, go to the following web page:- www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/syn-rot
EXAMPLE 33. The DIRECTED NUMBER SUM (ie:- subtract for retrogrades) of The LONG sidereal periods of The Inner Solar System Planets, excluding Earth, is 365.88 Earth days.
The Inner Solar System Planets, excluding Earth, are:- Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Venus has retrograde rotation, and therefore Venus periods are subtracted. Here are the LONG sidereal periods (expressed in Earth days) of these planets. Mercury orbital period 87.9694 and Mercury rotation period 58.6462 and Venus orbital period 224.695 and Venus rotation period 243.0187 and Mars orbital period 686.98 (Mars rotation period is a short period, and is therefore excluded.)
87.9692 + 58.6462 minus 224.695 minus 243.0187 + 686.98 = 365.88 Earth days.
To verify these periods, go to The Planetary Scientist’s Companion, by Lodders and Fegley, Oxford University Press 1998, Table 2.4 or alternatively, go to the following web page:-www.solarsystemtimeperiods.com/planet-orbital